Adviser

An adviser or advisor is normally a person with more and deeper knowledge in a specific area and usually also includes persons with cross-functional and multidisciplinary expertise. An adviser's role is that of a mentor or guide and differs categorically from that of a task-specific consultant. An adviser is typically part of the leadership, whereas consultants fulfil functional roles.

The spellings adviser and advisor have both been in use since the sixteenth century. Adviser has always been the more usual spelling, though advisor has gained frequency in recent years and is a common alternative, especially in North America.

Etymology
The use of adviser is of English origin, with "er" as a noun ending, and advisor of Latin origin. The words are etymological twin cognates and are considered interchangeable.

Word Usage
Usage of the two words is normally a matter of choice but they should not be used together in the same document. The Associated Press prefers (AP Stylebook) the use of "adviser" but Virginia Tech (style guide) gives preference to "advisor" stating, "which is used more commonly in academe" and "Adviser is acceptable in releases going to organizations that follow AP style." Purdue University Office of Marketing and Media's Editorial Style Guide gives preference to "advisor". The European Commission uses "adviser(s)", the UK has Special advisers, as well as the Scottish Government, and the United Nations uses Special Advisers. The US government uses both; Council of Economic Advisers, Office of the Legal Adviser, Deputy National Security Advisor (deputy to the President's NSA), Legal "Advisor" (Office for the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy Combatants), that was part of the team tasked to conduct Combatant Status Review Tribunals of captives detained in Guantanamo Bay, and laws Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs's Fulbright Program has "advisers".

Finances

 * Commodity trading advisor, any person who engages in the business of advising others.
 * Financial advisor, also known as a financial planner, a practicing professional who helps people to deal with various personal financial issues through proper planning. In the UK, this person is known as a financial adviser.
 * Fee-Only financial advisor, a financial advisor compensated only by their clients and accept no commissions or compensation from other sources.
 * Financial Management Advisor, a professional designation of the Canadian Securities Institute.
 * Investment Advisor, an individual or firm that advises clients on investment matters.
 * Registered Investment Advisor, an individual or firm who has registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or state regulatory agency in connection with the management of the investments of others.
 * Tax advisor, an individual or firm expert in tax law.

Government Positions

 * Chief Advisor, the Head of State in Bangladesh during the 90-day Caretaker Government.
 * Financial Advisor to the Chief of Staff, the head of the Budgeting Directorate of Israel’s Ministry of Defence.
 * Military or combat advisors, soldiers sent to foreign nations to aid that nation with various military tasks.
 * Ministerial Advisor, a person appointed to advise relevant minister on the highest levels of the relevant portfolio/ministry.
 * National Security Advisor, the chief advisor to a national government on matters of security.
 * Royal Advisor, a person who serves as an advisor to a royal family.
 * Senior Advisor, a person appointed to advise on the highest levels of national and government policy.
 * Women's Affairs advisor, a female officer in the Israel Defence Forces, in charge of promoting freedom of opportunities for women soldiers.

Publications

 * Broadband & Internet Advisor (originally Internet Advisor), a magazine which provides articles, news, and reviews relating to Internet technology.
 * The CPA Technology Advisor, a technology magazine for accounting and tax professionals.
 * Resident Advisor, an online electronic music magazine dedicated to the global dance music scene.

Specific Advisory Companies

 * Amaranth Advisors LLC, an American multistrategy hedge fund.
 * Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm that develops mutual funds grounded in academic research.
 * Greenfield Advisors LLC, a real estate and business consulting firm in Seattle, Washington.
 * State Street Global Advisors, the investment management division of State Street Corporation.

Specific Advisory Services

 * Dipmeter Advisor, an early system developed to aid in the analysis of data gathered during oil exploration.
 * McAfee SiteAdvisor, an Internet service that warns users that a site may make them victims of malware or spam.
 * MIT Design Advisor, an online tool for exploring the energy performance of building designs.

Media
Examples of the use of adviser and advisor in the media on a particular subject.
 * NPR: "Deputy National Security Adviser Explains U.S. Options In .."
 * Washington Post: "deputy national security adviser for strategic communications."
 * Wall Street Journal: "Obama to Name Deputy National-Security Adviser ."
 * The White House: "Briefing by Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Communications Ben Rhodes."
 * English Wikipedia: Ben Rhodes (politician), "...the current deputy national security adviser for strategic communication for U.S. President Barack Obama."
 * The Foundry: "CBS News President David Rhodes is the brother of Ben Rhodes, the White House deputy national security adviser..."
 * Yahoo News: "President Barack Obama's national security adviser..."
 * Indiana University Bloomington: "Rhodes is assistant to the president and deputy national security advisor for strategic communications and speechwriting".

Books
Use of "advisor" appeared in print in the United States in 1889, with The Tennessee Justice and Legal Advisor by William C. Kain and Horace N. Hawkins. The Department of Justice of the United States, Issue 15, printed 1927, by The Institute For Government Research uses both, "1. Political adviser and assistant to the President" and "Legal Advisor. Like all the other cabinet officers, the Attorney General is a political advisor of the President.".

Other

 * Academic advisor, an employee of a college or university who helps students to select courses or an academic major, and engaging in short term and long term educational planning (in some countries, the professor who offers a student academic/methodologic assistance to prepare the work/thesis job necessary to obtain the degree).
 * Doctoral advisor, an advanced member of a university faculty whose role is to guide a graduate student.
 * Combine Advisor, a fictional creature from the Half-Life series.
 * Customer service advisor, a generic job title in the service industry, principally used in the United Kingdom.
 * Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor, a qualification required of chemical distributors and storage companies throughout the United Kingdom relating to packing and labelling of hazardous materials.
 * Legal advisor; that is, a lawyer who gives legal advice.
 * Technical advisor, an expert in a particular field of knowledge, hired to ensure that this area of knowledge is portrayed accurately in a movie.
 * Technical Design Advisor, a person is charge of advising in technical aspects of information technology design.